Mudassir Iqbal

KANO Model

The Kano Model is a technique for classifying customer requirements or features into five categories: Must-Have, One-Dimensional, Attractive, Indifferent, and Dysfunctional. Functional answers are features that customers expect and appreciate when present, leading to satisfaction when fulfilled. These features meet basic requirements and contribute to the overall functionality and performance of the product. Dysfunctional answers, […]

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Risk Mitigation Strategies

Risk mitigation strategies are measures and actions taken to minimize the potential impact and likelihood of risks. These strategies are designed to reduce vulnerabilities, prevent risks from occurring, or mitigate their consequences if they do occur. Five risk mitigation strategies with examples Negative Risk/Threat Positive Risk/ Opportunities Escalate Escalate Avoid Exploit Transfer Share Mitigate Enhance […]

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Product Roadmap

A product roadmap is a document that outlines the goals, features, and timeline for a product. It is used to communicate the product’s vision to stakeholders and to track progress over time. A product roadmap is a high-level action plan that outlines the vision, direction, and progress of a product over time. It’s a strategic […]

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Backlog, Product Backlog and Sprint Backlog

In project management, a backlog is a fundamental tool used to keep track of tasks, requirements, and work items that need to be completed. It serves as a centralized repository of all the work that needs to be done, providing a clear overview of the project’s scope and objectives. Within the broader concept of backlog, […]

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Point of Total Assumption (PTA)

The Point of Total Assumption (PTA) is the point above which the seller starts assuming the cost of the contracted work The point of total assumption (PTA) is a point on the cost line of the profit-cost curve determined by the contract elements associated with a fixed price plus incentive-Firm Target (FPI) contract above which the seller effectively bears all the costs of a cost overrun.  In the contract, the buyer agrees […]

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Payback Period, Sunk Cost and Opportunity Cost

The payback period is the length of time required to recover the cost of an investment. Sunk costs are costs that have already been incurred and cannot be recovered. Opportunity cost is the cost of forgoing one option for another Payback Period: The payback period is a financial metric that calculates the time it takes […]

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Market Structure (based on Competition)

Market structures vary based on the level of competition, ranging from the perfect competition where many buyers and sellers exist to the monopoly where one seller dominates the market. What is Market Structure? Market structure, in economics, refers to how different industries are classified and differentiated based on their degree and nature of competition for […]

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Relative Estimation

Relative Estimation is an Agile Project Management technique used to estimate the size or complexity of a task or project by comparing it to other similar tasks or projects. Rather than providing an exact numerical estimate, relative estimation involves assessing the difficulty of a task or project by comparing it to other tasks or projects […]

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Scrum of Scrum (SoS)

Scrum of Scrums is a technique used to scale Scrum up to large groups (over a dozen people) by dividing the groups into Agile teams of 5-10 Scrum of Scrums aka “Meta Scrum” is a scaled agile framework used to manage large projects that involve multiple teams. It is an extension of the Scrum framework […]

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